epistemologic

Amit Rathore’s blog about software project management

Startup marketing and you

Posted by Amit Rathore on February 20, 2013

Cross-posted from Zolo Labs.

Marketing is defined as the act of promoting (and selling) your products or services. Folks in most industries consider it an important part of their business, especially in larger companies. For some reason, this seems less true in tech startups.

Instead, most founding teams concern themselves a lot with product and engineering. After all, if you don’t have a product, what are you going to market? While this may seem logical, I’ve come to realize this is a flawed view. I now believe that marketing is a critical function of all startup teams, right up there with product, engineering, recruiting, and, fund-raising.

To come to this realization, I first had to internalize that “marketing” wasn’t a bad word. While the above definition conjures up (at least in my mind) images of sleazy sales people, marketing is actually one of the most important ways of interacting with your customers. And really, are there any unimportant ways of interacting with customers?

As a startup, if there are even a few people out there who are actually willing to give you a few minutes (or seconds!) to listen to what you have to say, hallelujah! Marketing, then, is an opportunity for you to engage them in a dialogue, to explain to them why you exist at all. Most people filter out all forms of traditional marketing, not just because there are too many of them, but because they come across as insincere.

There was a time when running an ad would actually produce decent ROI. This isn’t true any more, of course, and in my mind, here lies the opportunity. Today’s connected world of blogs and social networks have presented us once again with a channel to actually connect with our customers and potential customers. To not just “market” to them, but to actually reach out and have a conversation.

While I filter out most forms of marketing as noise, what does catch my attention is authenticity. The new world of marketing then, is just this form of real and sincere social conversation. For tech startups, it’s the dialogue between the founding team, and their early customers, and their extended community. What an awesome chance to be yourself! It’s an outlet to express your philosophy, your beliefs, and your vision. And yes, perhaps to even talk about your products. It’s an opportunity to hear back from this audience, from those who actually care enough to respond! It’s an opportunity to help those who’re listening (or reading) in some small way, even if they don’t actually buy from you.

Do a search for “startup marketing” on your favorite search engine, and you’ll get thousands of results. But this is really it – this social conversation, where you can put yourself (and your company) out there. You can’t outsource this, this is you! As David Packard once said: marketing is too important to be left to the marketing department.

I’ve written before that of the two sides a startup (the product side, and the distribution side), it is the distribution side that’s the harder one. Marketing, defined the way we just talked about, is key in solving this distribution challenge. And, defined in this way, it doesn’t need to be looked down upon either… after all, you are the marketing :-)

P.S. Check out what we’re building: Zolodeck.

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In search of the viral loop

Posted by Amit Rathore on February 17, 2013

Cross-posted from Zolo Labs.

Just finished reading Viral Loop. As we think about the distribution side of things for Zolodeck, I figured it couldn’t hurt to read about how a bunch of companies achieved massive scale.

It’s a good read… and certainly describes how things were done at companies like Hotmail, Twitter, Facebook, Hot Or Not (remember?), Bebo (remember?), MySpace (remember?), eBay, Flickr, PayPal, and even Tupperware (yeah, really).

It isn’t, however, a book of recipes. I didn’t really expect a book to be able to just tell me the 10 things I can do to fix distribution, I guess, and on that count the book was merely describing how awesome it is when you do achieve massive scale. Not how to get it.

Still, a very decent read, and did trigger a few thoughts for what one can do to address this. A lot of people in the startup space know this already, but it’s been sinking in for me more and more over the past few months: distribution is the more important of the two key things a startup needs to solve (the other being product/market fit, or product in general). And also that distribution is the harder of the two problems, and more than product, it is distribution that will make or break the company.

As I said, we’re thinking a lot about this for Zolodeck… and since this is so important, we’re erring on the side of over-measuring things to ensure we can keep a pulse on what the distribution story is looking like. What else can one do at such an early stage?

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Make something people want

Posted by Amit Rathore on January 11, 2013

Cross-posted from Zolo Labs.

I’ve been reading Paul Graham’s essays for a long time: since 2001, when an old friend introduced them to me. I was excited by the way he writes about startups and what startups can accomplish. In my head, startups are like the Rebel Alliance, with the odds heavily stacked against them, and they battle the various Death Star corporations for a slice of the business, to institute a smarter way of doing things.

I was also heavily influenced by his articles on Lisp, particularly this one. It’s why I started playing with various Lisps, and why I was so excited by Clojure, and why I wholeheartedly embraced it.

But this post isn’t about technology. It’s about the Rebel Alliance. It’s about two guys in a makeshift office, in the proverbial garage somewhere. Startup statistics can be quite depressing, with 19 of every 20 startups doomed to failure. With such a low rate of success, how do the successful ones do it?

I remember reading this article by Paul Graham, and thinking it makes sense. I remember it making sense in a very superficial, non-committal sort of way. The core of the statement: “Make something people want” seemed perfectly obvious to me. How could you succeed if you didn’t make something people wanted? Duh. Right?

I’ve been spending a lot of time thinking about Zolodeck, the depth of this idea is actually hitting me quite hard. There are two parts of any tech startup: the product side, and the distribution side. The product side is about finding the product/market fit, about making sure the experience is right, and that what you charge for the product is more than what it costs to make. The distribution side is about customer acquisition. Obviously, there’s interplay between the two sides.

“Make something people want” is a simple recipe for success. It seems to distill everything the Lean movement talks about into a single sentence: is your startup making something people want? Everything else is details (of course, the devil is in the details, and you need the details to succeed). In the end, you have to collect and collate the metrics that will point you to what it is that people want, and that will tell you how and what your startup should be doing. But the overarching guiding principle is very sound: make something people want.

And yet, a lot of startups fail because ultimately they don’t end up building something that enough people find value in. Or perhaps at a cost that was lesser than what they could charge for it.  Making something people want doesn’t mean that if you build something incredibly powerful and useful, but at a gargantuan price, you’ll succeed. The something you build for people needs to solve an equation that involves cost, price, scale, and utility.

So back to the two guys in their garage. If you’re a tiny startup (in reality or in spirit), you can greatly increase your chances of success by using this mantra as a guiding light: make something people want. And make use of Lean metrics to see if you’re trending towards a success or failure. I really do believe that if done right (pick the right metrics, and make adjustments based on what they say), a startup can succeed. And given the stats on startups, this is a bold claim.

I plan to share our Lean metrics dashboard and overall progress as we continue to work on Zolodeck. I think of it like a public experiment. Hopefully, we’ll discover something of value, and others can benefit too! Go Rebel Alliance!

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For A Stranger In Silicon Valley, Success Isn’t Only About Who You Know

Posted by Amit Rathore on December 10, 2012

(Via TechCrunch) – Thought this was a great piece on what networking can do, for even complete outsiders. It’s one of the many inspiring reasons we’re building ZoloDeck. Enjoy!

For A Stranger In Silicon Valley, Success Isn’t Only About Who You Know:

cherian-thomas

Editor’s note: Cherian Thomas is founder and CEO of Cucumbertown, a recipe-publishing platform. Follow him on his blog and Twitter.

For entrepreneurs, it is now both easier and harder to raise capital: easier because of powerful platforms like AngelList; harder if you’re not part of an accelerator or don’t have a strong network.

Silicon Valley has more startups than ever before. My startup, Cucumbertown, raised its first round a month ago, and during the course of this journey, I realized that, as a first-time entrepreneur without any solid Valley footing, my run toward raising funds as a non-American co-founder was somewhat unique.

Valley funding used to be an impenetrable fortress that opened up only by way of introductions. Your success in raising capital decreased to insignificant levels otherwise. The only other chance to make yourself noticeable was traction, which trumps everything. But the market dynamics of fundraising is shifting, and investors are no longer clustered in the Valley. Accelerators are becoming the showcase for promising startups. I was initially disappointed when a VC told me their firm only focuses on YC companies. But then I realized it makes more sense for them to look at YC, 500Startups or TechStars than to sift through hundreds of decks. These accelerators are becoming the entrance exams for selection.

So here’s how my month of experience as a non-accelerator, non-American fundraiser translates into advice.

Make Friends Fast

I was scheduled to meet 500Startups Partner Paul Singh on the second day of fundraising. As I waited for my appointment, Courtney Powell, CEO of PublikDemand, asked me about Cucumbertown. We became friends within the hour. The PublikDemand team invited me to crash at their home and Courtney taught me everything she knew about fundraising. We continue to meet whenever I am in the Bay Area. Courtney even re-wrote my press release notes.

After I read Darius Monsef’s article on TechCrunch, I contacted him, and he put me in touch with Rajiv Bhat, co-founder of YC alumni Mertado. Rajiv advised me on everything from convertible caps to living life as an Indian founder in the Valley. Nowadays Rajiv and I meet frequently here in Bangalore to track one another’s progress. I even bake for him.

Cucumbertown’s first investor and the co-creator of Farmville was Sizhao Yang, and we became great friends. He also offered constructive criticism of Cucumbertown. Every now and then Zao mails me one-liners reflecting something on the industry worth understanding. Zao now is my 1 a.m. friend/investor on call.

Cucumbertown’s most important advisor and friend is Naval Ravikant. He responds to every email and takes action when necessary. He even follows up. When Naval said stop, I stopped. When he asked me to meet him at AngelList HQ in San Francisco, I changed all my other plans.

These people represent only a fraction of the relationships I built in less than a month, and they represent the change in Cucumbertown’s trajectory to success.

Meet With Companies Who Have Raised

It’s also important to meet with companies who have recently raised. They have a wealth of tribal knowledge that can help you save time. For instance, I met with a company that closed its funds in October, and they advised me about the shift in investors’ herding mentality due to the September YC Demo day this year. This was a wealth of information, as I was able to strike a number of investors from my potential list.

Get On AngelList

AngelList is powering the Valley’s revolution in investing and raising funds. During one of my lunches with an investor, he said that raising funds for the first company he co-founded was near impossible. And raising series A was much more difficult than that. His company’s investors played waiting games and did not introduce the company until their contacts came into the picture. He said shady acts like this frustrated him as an entrepreneur.

AngelList changes all of that and is perhaps the most important tool you’ll need as an entrepreneur raising capital. It is the canonical source of all things related to angel funding in technology now. Never has Silicon Valley been in a position where every investor and fundraiser could e-meet at a platform.

Cucumbertown represents a first-time investment for Mokriya‘s CEO Sunil Kanderi and partner Chandra Kalle. I met them during a growth hacking conference in San Francisco, and they expressed their desire to be connected to Cucumbertown. Our profile on AngelList, our existing investor list there, and our testimonials offered the credibility we needed to gain their trust. And investor Stefano Bernadi followed us out of the blue on AngelList and subsequently invested in Cucumbertown.

Here are some things I learned to be successful on AngelList:

  • Build a concise and compelling profile.
  • Make it equally good for your team, too.
  • Follow investors early on, even during your idea incubation stage, to understand their modus operandi.
  • Follow partners at VC firms to understand the deals they are seeking. You can view their activity stream.
  • When you get your breakthrough investors, immediately connect with their connections and start the conversations (AngelList allows you to talk to connections of connections).
  • Showcase your strengths in the status messages. Don’t overdo it.
  • Respond to everyone who initiates a message with you. But once you start calendaring in people become selective in appointments.
  • Get your investors to write testimonials for you.
  • Almost every company listed there is exceptional. Being different is difficult. But seek the difference.

Silicon Valley works largely by clustered investments. Your company would have always had a chance of being invested in by people who knew each other. And limited by them, too. That has changed with AngelList.

Calendar Every Meeting

I met 28 investors/funds over three weeks, and more were scheduled. The Valley is flooded with investors, and it can get pretty overwhelming once people start responding. Keep it organized and calendar all meetings. The executive assistants for most of these investors will reschedule your meeting at least three times. You have only once chance, so be prepared to move around.

Learn To Say No

As tempting as it was to accept capital from anyone — especially with the uncertainty of the future looming over our heads — we said no to investors who did not align with our thought process and principles. It was difficult. But we sleep well today. My new best friends in the Valley taught me this quality, as well.

Maintain Heat

The Valley has more startups now than ever before, and investors are bombarded by a hundred pitches every week. You are as valuable to them as the other 99 and so are likely to get lost within three days. Be proactive in the conversation, and try to get a response in a week.

Fundraising is a game. If you know you have a good product/team/traction, then get in to win. You are already here because you believe in something. Continue the journey to win. Persevere.

Thanks to Maneesh Arora, advisor and investor in Cucumbertown, for the draft review.

[Disclaimer: 500 Startups is an investor in Cucumbertown. But we are a non-accelerator investment. Though Naval is AngelList’s co-founder Cucumbertown did not benefit any special status. Cucumbertown wasn’t a featured startup or did not show up in the trending list. Dan Hauk is Cucumbertown’s American co-founder. But Dan was not involved in fundraising. Cucumbertown is a distributed startup and none of us co-founders have seen each other. I travelled to the Bay Area to raise funds.]

 

(Via TechCrunch)

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Product/Market Fit to include a minimally viable business

Posted by Amit Rathore on November 8, 2012

(Via Zolo Labs)

Product/Market Fit to include a minimally viable business:

Yesterday, Siva and I had coffee with Bradford Cross, the co-founder of Prismatic. We caught up on all the things we’re up to recently, mainly about the startups we’re involved with. As you’re probably aware, he’s doing amazing work at Prismatic, and they’re totally blowing up. He had a ton of great advice for folks getting started on new stuff, but here’s one thing that really stood out.

Distribution

For some context, distribution is the answer to the question of “what is the plan to acquire users?” The typical Lean Startup process focuses first on product/market fit, and you don’t worry about scaling distribution until you actually have something that users get value from. Which makes sense; if you don’t have a product that delivers value to at least some people, you can’t have a viable business.

However, Brad’s point was that that is rather late in the process to start thinking about distribution. Folks should be paying attention to distribution right from the beginning, even during MVP development. One part of that is thinking about your voice and your conversation with your potential audience, your outbound marketing, campaign-based user-acquisition, and so on. But it also means planning (and maybe even implementing) features for your product that can organically increase sign ups. 

The common feature people add to address this (and in fact, hope to become “viral” from it), is social publishing and sharing. The problem with this is that there is too much of it – most applications let you share/invite others, and the question becomes why anyone would want to do this with your product. And why would the person on the receiving end even care.

The  answer is obvious - in order for there to be a successful outcome, there needs to be explicit value to both sides. It is your job to figure out what these features are for your product.

Minimal Viable Business = MVP + Distribution

So here’s the bottom line: it’s as important to figure out your product/market fit as it is to figure out that you have a viable (scalable) business. After all, you may have a lifestyle business, and just not know it. By thinking about this  as early in the game as possible, you’ll be better positioned to plan a blow up.

Tagged: distribution, mvp, startup

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Facebook and the MMVP

Posted by Amit Rathore on October 23, 2012

Cross-posted to Zolo Labs.

I didn’t realize just how true my previous post about the minimum MVP might end up being. When we first conceived of Zolodeck, we figured we’d build it the Lean Way. In that process, we came up with an MVP – and this included support for LinkedIn, Twitter, email inboxes (GMail, etc), and possibly, Facebook.

Now, however, given our time constraints, it looks like our first (pre) alpha (is that even a real term?) users are going to start with Facebook only! Every time we started planning our initial alpha public release, our burn-down projection would show something horrendously far into the future. So we kept cutting back, and we think we have something now. Something that we’d want to use ourselves.
 
I’d have never believed myself if I’d told me I’d launch with just Facebook. But in some ways, this narrowed scope is actually better (apart from being doable in a reasonable amount of time). It will give us a slice of functionality to test, all the way through one end to the other. Our other sources of data (email, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc) are extremely valuable, but they can easily be added later. Just having Facebook means that we can focus on the value-add of our app, rather than just having data from all over.
 
In any case, we’ll see what our users will say :)  

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Love and the minimum MVP

Posted by Amit Rathore on October 15, 2012

Cross-posted to Zolo Labs.

The start of a new project is always exciting… there’s the anticipation of awesomeness that can make one giddy :-) It’s the potential of the idea, the opportunity of the clean slate, the possibility of applying all learnings to date, and the hope of doing things right

Of course, a business is more than just the product. Somewhere, there’s got to be money involved. And for that, there have to be people who get enough value that they actually pay you. And that you can take in more than you spend to provide the service… 

Here’s the thing, though: if your product is in a “new” space (hasn’t everything that could be invented, already been invented?), then how do you know if you’re building something anyone cares about? This is where the minimum viable product (the much talked about MVP) comes in: the idea is that you build just enough for your early users to try out the product and give you critical feedback that would help you understand the market and its needs. Obviously, these early adopters are not the majority, so the data gathered needs to be adjusted accordingly.

So far, so good – the MVP approach looks really good for new products. For Zolodeck, for instance, we came up with what we thought was a fairly thinly sliced product. What we didn’t count on was that since Zolodeck is still a nights and weekends project (a labor of love, if you will), we don’t quite have enough time to build the MVP of our dreams. So we’re now building a minimum MVP. We’re calling it, wait for it… an MMVP. 

Given that we’re so resource constrained right now, Lean ideas really help. And the MMVP takes this to an extreme – we have to choose just those 1-2 things (maybe just 1 thing) that are the most important to test right now. We really need to think through prioritization of our feature road-map, and decide what to build next. The prioritization needs to take into account everything we can think of – product/market fit, business and technical risks, and so on.

We’ll post updates here as we make progress. For now, we’re hoping to get something into the hands of our first dozen users in the next couple of weeks. Stay tuned!

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